MCQs 2
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Research methodology is best described as:
A. A system for collecting data
B. A way to systematically solve a research problem
C. A list of research tools
D. A method for hypothesis testing
Key: B. A way to systematically solve a research problem -
The primary goal of exploratory research is to:
A. Test a hypothesis
B. Develop hypotheses or insights
C. Prove existing theories
D. Analyze experimental data
Key: B. Develop hypotheses or insights -
In research, a dependent variable is:
A. A variable that is manipulated
B. A variable that changes due to manipulation
C. A constant factor
D. An unrelated factor
Key: B. A variable that changes due to manipulation -
The term "scientific method" emphasizes:
A. Intuition-based decision-making
B. Subjective thinking
C. Systematic and logical approaches
D. Historical research only
Key: C. Systematic and logical approaches -
A good hypothesis should be:
A. Vague and flexible
B. Specific and testable
C. Based on assumptions
D. Complex and broad
Key: B. Specific and testable -
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?
A. Focus on understanding behaviors
B. Use of small sample sizes
C. Emphasis on statistical analysis
D. Exploration of motivations and opinions
Key: C. Emphasis on statistical analysis -
The primary purpose of a pilot study is to:
A. Finalize the research report
B. Identify flaws in the study design
C. Test the main hypothesis
D. Conduct full-scale research
Key: B. Identify flaws in the study design -
What does "sampling frame" mean?
A. A subset of the population
B. A list of all population elements
C. A method for data collection
D. A statistical tool for analysis
Key: B. A list of all population elements -
The term "statistical significance" means:
A. The results are due to random chance
B. The results are unlikely to be due to chance
C. Data collection is complete
D. The hypothesis is invalid
Key: B. The results are unlikely to be due to chance -
The purpose of random sampling is to:
A. Eliminate errors
B. Ensure every population member has an equal chance of selection
C. Reduce the sample size
D. Increase research complexity
Key: B. Ensure every population member has an equal chance of selection -
Which of the following is a primary data collection method?
A. Literature review
B. Case studies
C. Experiments
D. Internet databases
Key: C. Experiments -
Which is an example of secondary data?
A. Data collected through interviews
B. Data from published reports
C. Data obtained through lab experiments
D. Observations recorded in real-time
Key: B. Data from published reports -
What is the key purpose of a control group in experiments?
A. To ensure faster results
B. To compare with the experimental group
C. To eliminate errors
D. To represent the whole population
Key: B. To compare with the experimental group -
The mean is best described as:
A. The most frequent value in a dataset
B. The middle value in an ordered dataset
C. The average value of a dataset
D. The range of a dataset
Key: C. The average value of a dataset -
What does a histogram represent?
A. Trends over time
B. Frequency distribution of a dataset
C. Correlation between variables
D. Proportions within a sample
Key: B. Frequency distribution of a dataset -
Which of the following tests is used for hypothesis testing of means?
A. t-test
B. Chi-square test
C. Regression analysis
D. ANOVA
Key: A. t-test -
What does "confidence interval" indicate?
A. The exact value of a parameter
B. The range within which the true parameter lies with a certain probability
C. The sampling error
D. The mean of the dataset
Key: B. The range within which the true parameter lies with a certain probability -
In a negatively skewed distribution:
A. The mean is greater than the median
B. The median is greater than the mean
C. The mean equals the median
D. The mode is greater than the mean
Key: B. The median is greater than the mean -
What is the purpose of inferential statistics?
A. To summarize and describe data
B. To make predictions or generalizations from data
C. To test experimental methods
D. To compare data sources
Key: B. To make predictions or generalizations from data -
What does the term "null hypothesis" represent?
A. The main hypothesis of the study
B. A statement of no effect or relationship
C. A summary of research objectives
D. A proven scientific fact
Key: B. A statement of no effect or relationship -
MS Excel is commonly used for:
A. Writing literature reviews
B. Creating visual data representations
C. Statistical tests
D. Conducting surveys
Key: B. Creating visual data representations -
What is a pie chart best used for?
A. Showing frequency distribution
B. Displaying proportions of categories
C. Comparing trends over time
D. Showing error distributions
Key: B. Displaying proportions of categories -
Which of these is an example of inferential statistics?
A. Calculating mean
B. Conducting ANOVA
C. Generating a histogram
D. Tabulating raw data
Key: B. Conducting ANOVA -
A research report typically begins with:
A. Analysis
B. Conclusions
C. Objectives and scope
D. Statistical methods
Key: C. Objectives and scope -
The main limitation of qualitative research is:
A. It is expensive
B. It is time-consuming
C. Its results are harder to generalize
D. It requires large samples
Key: C. Its results are harder to generalize -
In a controlled experiment, the independent variable is:
A. Constant
B. Manipulated
C. Measured for changes
D. Unrelated to the dependent variable
Key: B. Manipulated -
A scatter plot is best for:
A. Displaying frequencies
B. Showing correlations between two variables
C. Representing distributions
D. Comparing proportions
Key: B. Showing correlations between two variables -
Which of these is a key feature of parametric tests?
A. They rely on ranked data
B. They assume normal distribution
C. They do not require large sample sizes
D. They analyze categorical data
Key: B. They assume normal distribution -
What does "standard deviation" measure?
A. Central tendency
B. Data spread around the mean
C. The range of data
D. The median value
Key: B. Data spread around the mean -
Why are error bars used in plots?
A. To represent mean values
B. To show variations or uncertainties in data
C. To label axes
D. To display frequencies
Key: B. To show variations or uncertainties in data
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