Research Methodology
Multiple Choice Questions
-
What does "skewness" measure in statistics?
(A) Central tendency
(B) Variation in data
(C) Symmetry of data distribution
(D) Strength of correlation
Key: (C) Symmetry of data distribution - Skewness identifies data asymmetry. -
What is the primary aim of fundamental research?
(A) To solve immediate problems
(B) To develop new theories or expand existing knowledge
(C) To analyze market trends
(D) To enhance product sales
Key: (B) To develop new theories or expand existing knowledge - Fundamental research is theoretical. -
Which of the following is a qualitative research method?
(A) Regression Analysis
(B) Survey
(C) Case Study
(D) T-test
Key: (C) Case Study - Case studies involve qualitative in-depth analysis. -
What is "descriptive research"?
(A) Research conducted to develop a hypothesis
(B) Research analyzing cause-effect relationships
(C) Research describing characteristics of phenomena
(D) Research focusing on theoretical frameworks
Key: (C) Research describing characteristics of phenomena - Descriptive research outlines features. -
What does the h-index indicate in academic research?
(A) Number of papers published
(B) Impact of the researcher’s work
(C) Total citations received
(D) Number of journals reviewed
Key: (B) Impact of the researcher’s work - The h-index measures research impact. -
Which sampling method ensures each population member has an equal chance of selection?
(A) Quota Sampling
(B) Convenience Sampling
(C) Simple Random Sampling
(D) Snowball Sampling
Key: (C) Simple Random Sampling - Ensures equal probability for each member. -
What is a null hypothesis?
(A) A hypothesis that suggests a difference exists
(B) A hypothesis that there is no significant difference
(C) An untestable proposition
(D) A statistical certainty
Key: (B) A hypothesis that there is no significant difference - Null hypothesis assumes no effect. -
What does "normal distribution" signify in data analysis?
(A) Data is skewed to the left
(B) Data follows a bell-shaped curve
(C) Data shows extreme outliers
(D) Data is uniformly distributed
Key: (B) Data follows a bell-shaped curve - Normal distribution is symmetric. -
Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme values?
(A) Mean
(B) Median
(C) Mode
(D) Range
Key: (A) Mean - Most affected by outliers. -
Which chart is suitable for showing parts of a whole?
(A) Line chart
(B) Bar chart
(C) Pie chart
(D) Scatter plot
Key: (C) Pie chart - Suitable for proportions. -
What is the significance of the "control" in an experiment?
(A) It ensures all variables are tested equally
(B) It isolates the effect of the independent variable
(C) It tests the reliability of the experimenter
(D) It measures random errors
Key: (B) It isolates the effect of the independent variable - Controls limit confounding effects. -
What does a "Chi-square test" analyze?
(A) Differences between group means
(B) Relationships between variables
(C) Associations in categorical data
(D) Predictive modeling
Key: (C) Associations in categorical data - Chi-square evaluates categorical data relationships. -
What is "curve fitting" in data analysis?
(A) Describing trends using a statistical model
(B) Testing the significance of relationships
(C) Plotting raw data points
(D) Performing hypothesis tests
Key: (A) Describing trends using a statistical model - Curve fitting models data relationships. -
What is "action research" aimed at?
(A) Theory development
(B) Immediate problem-solving
(C) Statistical analysis
(D) Historical inquiry
Key: (B) Immediate problem-solving - Action research is practical. -
What is the p-value in hypothesis testing?
(A) The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis
(B) The probability of accepting a false null hypothesis
(C) The probability of observing results as extreme as the data
(D) The confidence interval
Key: (C) The probability of observing results as extreme as the data - P-value indicates data significance. -
Which is NOT a probability sampling method?
(A) Stratified Sampling
(B) Cluster Sampling
(C) Judgement Sampling
(D) Systematic Sampling
Key: (C) Judgement Sampling - This is a non-probability method. -
What does "hypothesis testing" aim to achieve?
(A) Summarizing data
(B) Establishing statistical significance
(C) Describing trends
(D) Conducting a literature review
Key: (B) Establishing statistical significance - Hypothesis testing evaluates claims. -
What is the i10-index?
(A) Number of articles cited at least 10 times
(B) Total number of citations
(C) Impact factor of a journal
(D) Total articles published by an author
Key: (A) Number of articles cited at least 10 times - i10-index focuses on highly cited work. -
What is the purpose of ANOVA?
(A) To test associations between categorical variables
(B) To analyze differences among group means
(C) To test for correlation
(D) To fit a regression model
Key: (B) To analyze differences among group means - ANOVA tests mean differences. -
What is the role of a literature review in research?
(A) To identify gaps in existing research
(B) To prove the hypothesis
(C) To conduct data analysis
(D) To present results
Key: (A) To identify gaps in existing research - Literature reviews highlight research gaps.
 |
What does the term "population" refer to in research?
(A) The entire group being studied
(B) The sample selected for analysis
(C) The number of respondents
(D) The geographical area covered
Key: (A) The entire group being studied - Population includes all relevant subjects.Which of the following is an example of secondary data?
(A) Survey responses
(B) Experimental observations
(C) Published journal articles
(D) Laboratory results
Key: (C) Published journal articles - Secondary data is pre-existing data.What is meant by "sampling bias"?
(A) Selection of a large sample size
(B) Selection favoring certain outcomes
(C) Random selection of participants
(D) Oversampling from one group
Key: (B) Selection favoring certain outcomes - Sampling bias skews results.What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics?
(A) Summarizing data
(B) Describing relationships
(C) Drawing conclusions about a population
(D) Plotting data visually
Key: (C) Drawing conclusions about a population - Inferential statistics generalize findings.What is NOT a type of research design?
(A) Exploratory
(B) Descriptive
(C) Inferential
(D) Experimental
Key: (C) Inferential - This is a statistical method, not a design.Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two groups?
(A) Chi-square test
(B) T-test
(C) ANOVA
(D) Regression Analysis
Key: (B) T-test - Used to compare the means of two groups.Which is a feature of "longitudinal research"?
(A) One-time data collection
(B) Study conducted over multiple periods
(C) Focus on immediate outcomes
(D) Reliance on secondary data
Key: (B) Study conducted over multiple periods - Longitudinal research tracks changes.What is the main objective of "case study" research?
(A) To generalize findings
(B) To analyze in-depth specific cases
(C) To conduct controlled experiments
(D) To compare multiple groups statistically
Key: (B) To analyze in-depth specific cases - Case studies focus on singular examples.What does "action research" aim at?
(A) Theory development
(B) Immediate problem-solving
(C) Statistical analysis
(D) Historical inquiry
Key: (B) Immediate problem-solving - Action research emphasizes practical solutions.What does "impact factor" of a journal represent?
(A) Frequency of publication
(B) Average citations per article
(C) Number of issues per year
(D) Total subscribers
Key: (B) Average citations per article - Impact factor indicates journal influence.
No comments:
Post a Comment